![]() In the United States, ADHD's prevalence varies substantially by state, from a low of less than 5% in Nevada to highs greater than 11.1% in states like Tennessee and Louisiana. 5% of American adults are estimated to live with ADHD. The signs are not due to some other another mental disorder (such as mood disorder, anxiety disorder, dissociative identity disorder, or a personality disorder).ĪDHD is the most commonly studied and diagnosed psychiatric disorder in children, affecting about 3% to 5% of children globally and diagnosed in about 2% to 16% of school aged children. The signs do not happen only during the course of a Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Schizophrenia, or other Psychotic Disorder. There must be clear evidence of significant impairment in social, school, or work functioning. Some impairment from the signs is present in two or more settings (such as at school/work and at home). Some signs that cause impairment were present before age 7 years. Often interrupts or intrudes on others (example: butts into conversations or games).Often blurts out answers before questions have been finished.Is often "on the go" or often acts as if "driven by a motor".Often has trouble playing or enjoying leisure activities quietly.Often runs about or climbs when and where it is not appropriate (adolescents or adults may feel very restless).Often gets up from seat when remaining in seat is expected.Often fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat.Six or more of the following signs of hyperactivity-impulsivity have been present for at least 6 months to an extent that is disruptive and inappropriate for developmental level: Often loses things needed for tasks and activities (such as toys, school assignments, pencils, books, or tools).Often avoids, dislikes, or doesn't want to do things that take a lot of mental effort for a long period of time (such as schoolwork or homework).Often has trouble organizing activities.Often does not follow instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace (not due to oppositional behavior or failure to understand instructions).Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly.Often has trouble keeping attention on tasks or play activities.Often does not give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, work, or other activities.Six or more of the following signs of inattention have been present for at least 6 months to a point that is disruptive and inappropriate for developmental level: The American Medical Association concluded in 1998 that the diagnostic criteria for ADHD are based on extensive research and, if applied appropriately, lead to the diagnosis with high reliability. In contrast, the motor cortex in the ADHD patients was seen to mature faster than normal, suggesting that both slower development of behavioral control and advanced motor development might be required for the fidgety behavior that characterizes ADHD. ![]() The delay is prominent in the frontal cortex and temporal lobe, which are believed to be responsible for the ability to control and focus thinking. Using magnetic resonance imaging of the prefrontal cortex, this developmental lag has been estimated to range from 3 to 5 years. PET scans show that patients with ADHD had lower levels of dopamine transporters in the nucleus accumbens, a part of the brain's reward center, than control subjects.ĪDHD is a developmental disorder in which certain traits such as impulse control lag in development. They may seem to be perpetually “on the go.” They have difficulty staying in their seat, talk excessively, and have trouble waiting turns. People with these hyperactive/impulsive behaviors may play and interact loudly. ![]() This activity is consistent and not only in a certain setting. Sluggish and slow to respond and process information, have difficulty sifting through relevant and irrelevant information. They “act before thinking” and often “speak before thinking” by blurting out and interrupting others. Might or might not display significant attention problems, appear restless, fidgety, overactive and impulsive. Have trouble paying attention, finishing tasks, or following directions, are distracted appear forgetful, careless and disorganized and frequently lose things. ADD is not a medical or psychological diagnosis.ĪDHD is of 3 types, ADHD-I (erstwhile ADD) ADHD, Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type and ADHD,, Combined Type: Inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive ![]() Comparison chart ADD versus ADHD comparison chartĪttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder, Inattentive Type (ADHD-I).
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